Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Essay

Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin made Edna Pontellier, however neither the character nor her maker was separated from the world in which Chopin lived. As a way to comprehend the decisions Chopin gave Edna, Margit Stange assesses The Awakening with regards to the women's activist belief system of the late nineteenth century. In particular, she contends that Edna is looking for what Chopin’s peers meant self-proprietorship, a thought that rotated on sexual decision and â€Å"voluntary motherhood† (276). Stange makes a progression of important associations between Kate Chopin’s performance of Edna Pontellier’s â€Å"awakening† and the verifiable setting of women's activist idea that Stange accepts affected the novel. For instance, she compares Edna’s journey for monetary autonomy with the late nineteenth century’s Married Women’s Property Acts, which tried to give wedded ladies more prominent power over their property and profit. Eventually, Stange acc epts, Edna’s arousing, her securing of self-assurance, originates from distinguishing and re-circulating what she possesses, which Stange contends is her body, much as contemporary women's activist scholars examined what she calls women’s â€Å"sexual trade value† (281). Extra references to reformers, for example, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, just as the legitimate guidelines of femme seule and femme couverte brace Stange’s position that Edna’s encounters are an impression of authentic reality, regardless of whether a portion of the conditions are somewhat unpleasant. Chopin, Stange notes, is mindful so as to isolate Edna the spouse from Edna the lady †â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† becomes â€Å"Edna† in the content, and afterward â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† again when her feeling of self-possession again appears to be lost. Chopin... ...alls a â€Å"moment of extraordinary maternal giving,† Stanton contended for women’s right to an open voice on the grounds that â€Å"‘alone [woman] goes to the entryways of death to offer life to each man that is naturally introduced to the world; nobody can share her apprehensions, nobody can alleviate her aches; and if her distress is more prominent than she can hold up under, alone she goes past the doors into the tremendous unknown’† (289). Chopin may have had a more clear handle of the tremendous hold of the talk of parenthood than Stange recognizes. Edna at â€Å"the doors of death† might be a lady trapped in an advancing origination of self-possession, troubled by the distress of understanding that she can just actually claim what she does not need anymore, in light of the fact that what she needs is yet outside her ability to comprehend. Edna’s trap is to be sure an authentic reflection, a remark on the turbulent, even savag e, advancement of philosophies, desires, decisions, and real factors.

Dementia Essays

Dementia Essays Dementia Essay Dementia Essay There are numerous reasons for dementia,including neurological clutters, for example, Alchemies s disease,blood stream related (vascular) disarranges, for example, multi-infarct disease,inherited scatters, for example, Huntington s illness and contaminations, for example, HIVE. The most widely recognized reasons for dementia include: Degenerative neurological ailments, for example, Alchemies s,dementia with Lee dies,Parkinson s and Huntington s. Vascular scatters, ,for example, different infarct dementia,which is causes by various strokes in the cerebrum. Contaminations that influence the focal anxious system,such as HIVE dementia complex and Credulity-Jacob infection. Constant medication use. Wretchedness. Specific kinds of hydrocephalus,an amassing of liquid in the mind that vehicle result from formative or cerebrum tumors. Alchemies ;s infection causes 50-70% of all dementia. Notwithstanding ,analysts are finding that some Of what was recently viewed as Alchemies s ailment is extremely one of two other degenerative maladies: Eely body and Pick s ease-There likewise are various other significant issue that can prompt dementia-Some of these are possibly reversible,at least somewhat and ought to be considered before a determination of Alchemies s ailment is made. 2. Portray the presumable signs and manifestations of the most widely recognized reasons for dementia. The principal indications of dementia are momentary memory misfortune. Side effects of dementia are reliant upon the zones of mind are influenced and the key side effects are include: Loss of memory-Forgetting some ongoing occurrences and powerlessness to review data, Disorientation-individuals overlook their natural environmental factors neighborhood, thinking about how they arrived and don't have the foggiest idea how to get back home. Correspondence individuals experiencing dementia overlook straightforward words and substitute some immaterial words in their speech,this making it hard to comprehend for the audience. Conceptual reasoning individuals experiencing dementia experience difficulty completing basic computations, for example, including numbers and at times even overlook the motivation behind numbers and count. Poor or diminished judgment-individuals enduring with dementia have misguided thinking and don't have the foggiest idea how to respond IR crises. Execution of recognizable errands individuals face trouble in improving day by day exercises, for example, setting up a dinner or coffee,operating an oven,making calls Etc Mood or conduct changes-individuals experiencing dementia show quick changes in states of mind, for example, a glad/upbeat temperament to tears or outrage for no clear explanation. Losing articles-individuals with dementia will in general lose articles in abnormal places,such as putting a wristwatch in a sugar bowl,etc. Loss of activity individuals become uninvolved sitting in front of the TV for longer duration,sleeping for longer hours and not performing typical exercises. Change in character sensational changes in unreasonableness of individuals experiencing dementia are additionally watched. 3. Tontine the hazard factors for the most widely recognized reasons for dementia. There are many hazard variables of dementia,many of which are because of harm or changes in the mind: Certain malady, for example, Alchemies s ,Parkinson s,Eely body ailments. Certain illnesses that influence the veins because of stroke Which can cause multi-infarct dementia. Exorbitant utilization of liquor and medications. Inadequacy in nourishment, for example, nutrient BIB and foliate insufficiency. Contaminations, for example, AIDS,dementia complex and Credulity-Jacob malady . Gather f liquid (hydrocephalus) in the mind can prompt formative abnormalities,injuries, as well as cerebrum tumors. Head wounds might be a solitary serious physical issue or a few wounds as on account of fighters, Illness of the child or liver,lung diseases. 4. Distinguish predominance rates for various kinds of dementia. Commonness paces of various kinds of dementia to include: pervasiveness expanding in 6 (20%) individuals beyond 80 a years old a type of psychotic The predominance rates in the UK (I. E. How visit dementia happens population)as per 2013 figures dependent on Alchemists Society look into. 40-unfulfilled obligations 1 of every 100 5-69 years-1 of every 100 70-79 years 1 of every 25 80+ years 1 out of 6 The quantity Of individuals with these various kinds Of dementia would then be able to be separated into the accompanying: Alchemists Disease 62%, Vascular dementia 17%, Dementia with I-eve. . Beam Bodies 4%, Front-transient Dementia 2%. Insights: 835,000 individuals with various sorts of dementia in 2014(Alchemies s society AAA)- England 700. 000 (84%), Scotland Wales 45,000 (5%), Northern Ireland 20,000 (2%). 40,000 more youthful individuals with dementia in 201 3; 25,000 individuals from dark in 2013. Result 4 Understand factors identifying with an individual s experience of . Depict how various people may encounter living with dementia relying upon age,type of dementia,and level of capacity and handicap. An analysis of dementia will bigly affect your life. You and yours family may stress over to what extent you can think about yourself *specially in the event that you live alone. Individuals with dementia can stay autonomous for quite a while however will require support from loved ones. LIVING AT HOME in the careful phases of dementia ,numerous individuals with dementia can care for their homes similarly as before their finding. As the disease deteriorates ,individuals with dementia think that its hard to take care of their homes and will ones assistance with every day exercises, for example, housework and shopping . They may likewise require adjustments to their home to keep themselves safe,mobile and autonomous. KEEPING ACTIVE-People with dementia should keep on making the most of their side interests and interests. These exercises are charming and keep individuals alert and animated so they keep up an enthusiasm forever. Try not to preclude a movement basically on the grounds that you or your relative has dementia. Exercises may change as the ailment gets worse,but individuals with dementia can and should aim to make the most of their extra time.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing PTSD Treatment Print Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 29, 2020 eurobanks /Shutterstock More in PTSD Treatment Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions PTSD and the Military Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for PTSD as well as other mental health conditions (see below). The treatment  brings together your traumatic memories and positive thoughts and beliefs to help reduce the distress stemming from your traumatic event. With these thoughts and images in mind, you will be asked to also pay attention to an outside stimulus such as eye movements or finger tappings guided by the therapist. EMDR treatment focuses on the PTSD-related aspects of the major time periods in your life:   The past: Distressing, trauma-related events, and memoriesThe present: Current situations that are causing you distressThe future: Development of skills and attitudes you can use to take positive actions What Happens During EMDR Treatment? Step 1. Your EMDR therapist will start the session by asking you to bring to mind emotionally unpleasant memories, images, thoughts about yourself, and body sensations that stem from your traumatic event. Then, at the same time as you hold these thoughts and images in your mind, your therapist will ask you to pay attention to an outside stimulus.  For example, you could be asked to move your eyes back and forth to follow the movements of the therapists hand. Step 2. Youll deep-breathe and then discuss with your therapist any new distressing thoughts that came into your mind during Step 1. Step 3. Youll repeat Step 1, this time concentrating on the new thoughts you reported in Step 2, then finish as in Step 2. Typically this cycle is repeated until your distress is reduced. Over the prescribed number of sessions, you may gain more insight into the way your traumatic event has affected you, change some of your behaviors, and be able to move forward more positively into the future. Who Else Does EMDR Help? You may be interested to know that, since the first clinical study of its effectiveness in 1989, EMDR has helped not only people with PTSD but also those with other types of mental health conditions. They include: Combat veterans from World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the wars in Iraq and AfghanistanPeople with phobias, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorderCrime victims, police officers, and firefightersPeople suffering extreme griefSexual assault victimsPeople affected by family, marital and sexual dysfunctionAdults and adolescents diagnosed with depression How It Works EMDR is believed to work by building new connections in your memory between your traumatic memories and positive information, enabling the positive information to have more influence on your trauma-related thinking. However, you should be aware that it is not yet certain how EMDR works. It may work in a  way similar to a technique called exposure therapy, but researchers are still uncertain. In addition, there has been some criticism of the studies done to evaluate its effectiveness. You can read more about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing  therapy at the EMDR Institute website. Struggling with PTSD? ART May Help

Effects Of Parental Divorce On Adolescents - 1273 Words

Adolescent Adjustment and Well-being: Effects of Parental Divorce and Distress The purpose of this study is to try and explore the long term effects on psychological adjustments experienced by adolescents as a result of parental divorce and the extent they are accounted for by parental psychological distress. The key objectives of this study include 1) the school problems associated with parental divorce on adolescents. 2) Symptoms, which will most probably be evident in such cases, which include anxiety and depression. 3) The subjective well/being of adolescents especially in regards to parental divorce 4) the distress occasioned by such occurrences on adolescents. The aim here is to try and a) describe the research methodology, b) explain the sample selection, c) describe the procedure used in designing the instrument and collecting the data, and d) provide an explanation of the statistical procedures used to analyze the data. The study collected and collated data on 8,984 Nor wegian adolescents in the age bracket of between 13-19 years together with their parents Also discovered was the notion of â€Å"double exposure effects† that significantly contributed to such issues. To be noted was the idea that divorce and parental distress was a great contributor that was independent in regards to adolescent distress. The study came up with a figure of 14% of adolescents who were non-distressed with non-divorced parents and 30% of those who had divorced. It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem in Divorce Family5062 Words   |  21 PagesThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-esteem in Divorce Family Abstract Past western researches have shown support on the associations of parental and parent-child relationships towards adolescents’ self-esteem (SE) in intact and divorce families. Some theories attributed that the qualities of these relationships do have influences on how adolescent evaluate themselves. Our research proposal will analyze the effects of these two relationshipsRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Adolescent Development Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof marriage by court called divorce. According to Pickhard (2009) many statistics suggest around 50% of first marriages divorce. Divorce can have tremendous impacting effects on those experiencing it. Not only does divorce effect parents, but it furthermore impacts adolescents as well. Adolescents may sometimes have a hard time dealing with the separation of their parents as they are going through crucial life changes as well. It is a key concern of the influence divorce has on adolescent’s developmentRead MoreEssa y about Depression and Anxiety in Persons with Divorced Parents1184 Words   |  5 PagesParents In the recent years, divorce rates have been continually trending upwards (Reiter, Hjorleifsson, Breidablik, Meland, 2013). It is factual that children who have parents that have divorced typically face more obstacles in numerous aspects of life than children who have married parents. Children that experience divorce have up to a 300% increase in probability to be impacted by issues in mental wellbeing than their peers without an incident of divorce in their parental structure (Shifflett Read MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Child Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Child Development I met the love of my life in my financial accounting class. He was charming, and intelligent, and he carried himself well. Early into our relationship I realized underneath this assuring exterior, was a broken, unstable man. He had issues with trust, and he always took many health risks. He explained to me how hard it was for him to attach himself to people because he figured they would leave anyways. Nothing is forever. he seemed to believe. On topRead MoreFamilial Support For Children During The Stressful Period Of Divorce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagessupport for children. In many cases, parents or other family members are not able to be as supportive to their children during the stressful period surrounding divorce. One study by Amato (1993) noted that divorce is one of the life’s most stressful occurrences, and adults experience significant difficulty in their life adjustment after the divorce, which may impact their interactions with their children. Parents are less emotionally available during this time (Riggio Valenzuela, 2011), and the helpRead MoreDivorce : The Impact It Has On The Family1541 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce: The Impact It Has On the Family Introduction Marriage is a sacred communion between two people that vows to love each other until the end of time. No one gets married with the intent to divorce. Unfortunately, marriages are challenged with acts of infidelity, change in family incomes, and many other factors. These factors most likely lead to divorce. Divorce perpetually deteriorates the family and the relationship between children and parents. It can lead to negative effects of the familyRead MoreThe Effect Of Divorce On Children847 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more unmanageable. According to Sirvanli-Ozen, recent studies confirm that the impacts of divorce on children are not restricted to the childhood period but are manifest during adolescence and adulthood as well. Many studies on the subject show that children who have experienced parent divorce have a lower degree of psychological accord and lower socioeconomic status in their adulthood (Amato Keith, 1991b; Biblarz Raftrey, 1993; Ross Mirowsky, 1999; Amato, 1996) and have more problemsRead MoreThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents We live in a society in which the unconventional or non-traditional family has become more or less the social norm. More and more households are divided or consist of blended families, single parents, gay and lesbian couples, etc., and it can have a major effect on the behavior of youth of today. A predominant factor in all of this is the incidence of divorce. Two people get married too early and decide to have children, thenRead MoreHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In today s society, divorce or remarriage rate has been growing rapidly. Divorces is a legal action between married people that is on longer together. Over the last twenty-five years, several studies has indicated that divorce process may affect family characteristics and most especially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative outcomes for youngerRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Absence On Academic Achievement Of Adolescents1174 Words   |  5 Pages1. Jeynes, William H. (2002). Examining the Effects of Parental Absence on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents: The Challenge of Controlling for Family Income. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 23.2, 189-210. A. The article targets the issue that how parent’s absence has a negative effect on the academic achievements of adolescents. It also discusses how it can be difficult for single-parents to manage family income. B. The article tells that when children lose a custodial parent, they go

The African-American Civil Rights Movement - 1295 Words

The African-American Civil Rights Movement is arguably the largest and most successful push towards toward change in American history. The movement was influenced by some of the biggest figures in American history as well, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and influenced by others such as president Kennedy and Johnson. Amongst the numerous protests and powerful speeches during the Civil Rights Movement perhaps the most prominent is the series of three marches in 1965 known today as the â€Å"Selma to Montgomery† marches. The Selma to Montgomery marches were a series of three marches from Selma to Alabama’s capitol in Alabama There were multiple goals and objectives of these marches but the most obvious was to make the largest impact possible with a nonviolent approach. These marches marked the pinnacle of the movement gaining national attention and even the attention of president at that time Lyndon Johnson. Although there were numerous other marches, speeches, and protest s throughout the time period of the African American Civil Rights movement, the marches from Selma to Montgomery are the most significant. The Selma to Montgomery marches were the most significant but were not one of the first movements but rather one of the last as a culmination of everything that occurred leading up to it. African American progression towards equal rights can be traced back to the 17th century but events leading up to the marches from Selma to Montgomery began in the late 1940s. A powerful andShow MoreRelatedThe African American Civil Right Movement1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe African American Civil right movement in the late 1950’s and throughout the 1960’s was a powerful fight for equal opportunities to the basic rights and privileges outlined by the US government. During this movement thousands of African American individuals and those who believed in the power of the movement, battled against the piercing white supremacy through various tactics including grass root movements. The grass root movements in the 60’s was characterized by organizations of individualsRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe African American civil rights movement was a long journey for African American nationwide. The success involved many people, hardships and time in order to advance the African American community in America. The purpose of the movement was to achieve their rights, cease discrimination, and racial segregation. During the start of the African American civil rights movement, Africans Americans still were faced with Jim Crow laws which segregated them from whites. Under the Jim Crow laws AfricanRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have fought for equality for a long period of time against desegregation and racism. It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard RustingRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 1950’s and 1960’s, the civil rights movement defined how African Americ ans progressed from being considered second class citizens to a unified demographic who became more endowed to handle the high tensions between them and the white segregationists. After World War II, protests began to rise between the 1950’s and 1960’s. The large number of blacks that served in the military or worked in the war industry saw that they had a greater place in the world than they had been given inRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1623 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans were brought to America during the colonial days by Britain, before the civil war, as slaves. They were the foundation of slave economy, being auctioned off and sold, with no thought given to their opinions, families, or lives. Throughout American history, African Americans have slowly fought their way towards where they are today. Their fight has developed into the Civil Rights Movement in the 1900s. Many historians would agree that the start of the Civil Rights Movement happenedRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement756 Words   |  4 PagesAnother significant circumstance was the African-American civil rights movement in US in those years. Until the age of eighteen, he had never thought about ethnicity or cultural differences. After 1968, African-American movement turned to be seen in Milwaukee. He met with Father Grouppi*, but he did not support him and his followers. For a long time, he had not appreciated the African American civil rights movemen t. Moreover, he would think that this movement aggravates the racial segregation in societyRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Movement1594 Words   |  7 Pagesblack power movement in American Civil Rights Movement. Violence is a physical force intended to hurt someone. Politics is a platform where the wellbeing is thought for the citizens and in America the politics and laws have been placed in order for the betterment of the American citizens. In this essay I will unravel many factors arguing whether violence is legitimate or whether it is a mean that is necessary to a more equal nation mostly focusing on the American Civil Rights movement and the blackRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Movement1525 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing World War I, a new, militant spirit of resistance and activism burgeoned among African-American citizens across the United States. Empowered by the sense that blacks had played a crucial role in the conflict, the descendants of freedmen returned home to fight for their own rights only to find persecution; this dire situation called for immediate, decisive action. During the interwar years, African Americans in the southwest Georgia Black Belt fought for community empowerment and, through theRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement Essay2200 Words   |  9 Pagesequal rights. A perfect example of racial brutality was the summer of 1955 when Emmett Till was brutally murdered by two white men. This murder case promptly seized the attention of millions and modified the history of the United States. The Emmett Till murder case established itself as a defining event in the United States history because it became a spark to the Civil Rights movement, transformed people’s hearts and minds into realizing how dangerous segregation was, and it proved how African AmericansRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1531 Words   |  7 Pagesstates for African Americans in the 1960, although it has been nearly 100 years since the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans were still segregated from classrooms, restrooms, theatres, etc. due to â€Å"Jim Crow† laws; and in 1954, the â€Å"separate but equalà ¢â‚¬  doctrine was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. For hundreds of years African Americans fought for their civil rights, desegregation, and basic human rights. One significant movement in history that was major for the Civil Rights Movement

The Racism of “Diversity” Free Essays

This summary was from an article entitled â€Å"The Racism of Diversity† written by Peter Schwartz on December 15, 2003. It was taken from Capitalism Magazine made available in the internet, the URL of which is http://www.capmag. We will write a custom essay sample on The Racism of â€Å"Diversity† or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/article.asp?ID=3399. The author is the chairman of the board of directors of the Ayn Rand Institute. The aforementioned article dealt specifically on the distinction of racism vis-à  -vis diversity in the school setting particularly in universities and colleges. Many school administrations have differing views about diversity and racism bringing along a positive and negative connotations depending upon how one interprets it. But the bottom line is, diversity can be constructive if it suggests integration of races in order to learn and understand the races of other people. However, it is said to be destructive if diversity â€Å"propagates all the evils inherent in racism† as stated by Schwartz in his paper. Along this line, the admission of multi-racial enrollees in an educational institution may have interesting and disparaging effects for contrasting races or skin color. Because of the mixing of races in one school, racial division is highly emphasized thereby causing segregation of residence halls, cafeterias, and organizations. Diversity in this sense is not helpful to solve the problem of inter-tribal conflict but instead underscores the differences between races. On the other hand, diversity is also deemed to be an excellent learning method inside the school to rule out individualism and foster unity and understanding. It provides a channel in which a race can express itself for the alien tribes to appreciate the ethnicity of a certain group of people because it is believed that one’s colors determines one’s ideas and perspectives of things in one’s environment. At present, the issue of â€Å"color-blindness† or being non-discriminative in terms of skin color remains a controversial issue in universities and colleges. â€Å"Diversity† advocates are moving toward better grasp of this subject matter, however, the long-time history of racial discrimination has indoctrinated and passed on from one generation to another. One’s bloodline speaks louder than words despite the fact that it is not a person’s fault to be born in a particular race whether one is brown-eyed or green-eyed. The sole purpose of this paper is to remind the readers that racial diversities are still existent among our learning institutions and it has tremendous effects on students and on how they deal and treat one another. Education through diversity is very ideal but very hard to comprehend because of things that cannot be changed. This change does not take overnight to be materialized, but it takes further orientation, education and re-orientation to instill its importance in the hearts and minds of people. How to cite The Racism of â€Å"Diversity†, Papers

on Evolution Essay Example For Students

on Evolution Essay Essay on EvolutionThere are many mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. One of themost important mechanism in evolution is natural selection which is thedifferential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting fromthe interaction of organisms with their environment. Natural selection occurswhen a environment makes a individual adapt to that certain environment byvariations that arise by mutation and genetic recombination. Also it favorscertain traits in a individual than other traits so that these favored traitswill be presented in the next generation. Another mechanism of evolution isgenetic drift. Genetic drift is a random change in a small gene pool due tosampling errors in propagation of alleles or chance. Genetic drift dependsgreatly on the size of the gene pool. If the gene pool is large, the better itwill represent the gene pool of the previous generation. If it is small, itsgene pool may not be accurately represented in the next generation due tosampli ng error. Genetic drift usually occurs in small populations that containless than 100 individuals, but in large populations drift may have nosignificant effect on the population. Another mechanism is gene flow which iswhen a population may gain or lose alleles by the migration of fertileindividuals between populations. This may cause the allele frequencies in a genepool to change and allow the organism to evolve. The most obvious mechanismwould have to be mutation that arises in the gene pool of a population orindividual. It is also the original source of the genetic variation that servesas raw material for natural selection. Not only are there mechanisms of evolution, but there is also evidenceto prove that these mechanisms are valid and have helped create the geneticvariety of species that exists today. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is oneexample of evolutionary evidence. In the 1950s, Japanese physicians realizedthat a antibiotic given to patients who had a infection that caused severediarrhea was not responding. Many years later, scientists found out that acertain strain of bacteria called Shigella contained the specific gene thatconferred antibiotic resistance. Some bacteria had genes that coded for enzymesthat specifically destroyed certain antibiotics such as ampicillin. From thisincident, scientists were able to deduce that natural selection helped thebacteria to inherit the genes for antibiotic resistance. Scientists have also been able to use biochemistry as a source ofevidence. The comparison of genes of two species is the most direct measure ofcommon inheritance from shared ancestors. Using DNA-DNA hybridization, wholegenomes can be compared by measuring the extent of hydrogen bonding betweensingle-stranded DNA obtained from two sources. The similarity of the two genescan be seen by how tightly the DNA of one specie bonds to the DNA of the otherspecie. Many taxonomic debates have been answered using this method such aswhether flamingos are more closely related to storks or geese. This methodcompared the DNA of the flamingo to be more closely related to the DNA of thestork than the geese. The only disadvantage of this method is that it does notgive precise information about the matchup in specific nucleotide sequences ofthe DNA which restriction mapping does. This technique uses restriction enzymesthat recognizes a specific sequence of a few nucleotides and cleaves DNAwherever such s equences are found in the genome. Then the DNA fragments areseparated by electrophoresis and compared to the other DNA fragments of theother species. This technique has been used to compare mtDNA from people ofseveral different ethnicitys to find out that the human species originated fromAfrica. The most precise and powerful method for comparing DNA from two speciesis DNA sequencing which determines the nucleotide sequences of entire DNAsegments that have been cloned by recombinant DNA techniques. This type ofcomparison tells us exactly how much divergence there has been in the evolutionof two genes derived from the same ancestral gene. In 1990, a team ofresearchers used PCR(polymerase chain reaction) a new technique to compare ashort piece of ancient DNA to homologous DNA from a certain plant. Scientistshave also compared the proteins between different species such as in bats anddolphins. .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .postImageUrl , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:hover , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:visited , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:active { border:0!important; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:active , .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06b953cad70ae93d6d87108cfc6ae29e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harry Potter And The Prisoner Of Azkaban EssayThe oldest type of evidence has been the fossil record which are thehistorical documents of biology. They are preserved remnants found insedimentary rocks and are preserved by a process called pretrification. Tocompare fossils the ages must be determined first by relative dating. Fossilsare preserved in strata, rock forms

Thank You for Smoking Review Essay Example

Thank You for Smoking Review Paper Essay on Thank You for Smoking Im just doing my job Rudolf Hess, Obersturmbahnfuehrer SS commandant of Auschwitz 1940-1943 Ministry of Health warns: smoking is dangerous to your health! The Ministry of Health The Ministry of health take note: smoking MAYBE some effect on your health! We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nick Naylor Nick Naylor Charming of mass murderers. His eloquence and charisma to Lee Harvey Oswald, or the psychopath shot and killed Martin Luther King and they would be worn on the hands, as national heroes. Nick Naylor personally responsible for the death of an annual 200,000 citizens of America. Nick Naylor Merchant of Death. Nick Naylor protects the tobacco lobby do not want to smoke.? What? Cancer? Oh, Grandmas bull, the researchers did not prove the connection of cigarettes and cancer. What, another article on this was published in the journal American Beauty? You do not read Soviet newspapers before eating! How Soviet? What do you think its all red bastard spies entrenched in the wording, trying to fool you Finally, I got up to the most famous book by the American writer Christopher Buckley!. And believe me, he was fascinated by the beautiful, hilarious, cynical and ironic tone. In memory surfaced best stories of Roald Dahl and Buckley have wanted to name gentle misanthrope. The novel tells us the story of a difficult life of a representative of Public Relations of the tobacco corporations Nick Naylor. Then invited him on Oprah Winfrey debate with a teenager dying of cancer, at the evening show Larry King will have to listen to a death sentence on dial up in the studio. Somewhere between this and that, it is necessary to prove to everyone that Vermont cheddar cheese is much more dangerous smoking and bribe the chief enemy so elegant, so he did not feel that he bought with giblets. Well, not yet, let them feel, for that Nick only need a couple of words. Nicks still young. Energetic staff and really loves his job. In addition, it is necessary to pay the mortgage. And because each rostrum he will shout about that smoking is above all: children, adolescents, pregnant. And he knows that he is hypocritical and blatantly lying. He likes it. And yet, despite the image of Nick Naylor, I painted here, the author refers to it with much more love. And for the whole affair and there is no feeling of hatred for the main character. On the contrary, he seems like a very nice guy, we would be glad maybe even make friends with him? The abundance of bright, interesting, convex characters (which is only merchant of death squad Nick and his two friends the major PR people from the lobby of alcohol and weapons) delivers a separate pleasure from books. And even a little sugary happy ending (this term is more than appropriate, since prose Buckley very cinematic, and the novel Thank You for Smoking, filmed in 2005) it looks quite organically, though it is in two ways: it is, in some -So easy mockery.

Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations

What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent... Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent...

Property-liability insurance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Property-liability insurance - Research Paper Example Different insurance plans are needed that not only save the owners from many problems in future but also to satisfy the requirements of government regulatory offices and in acquiring loans from commercial banks. Property, general liability, workers’ compensation, automobile liability, liquor liability, life insurance, loss of business, food contamination, and specific peril insurance are the most commonly used contingency plans available. We will discuss these options one by one in length. Firstly, all business owners are required to have property insurance. A small amount of annual premium is paid to the insurance company against a full coverage from incidents like fire. One such incident can bring everything to ashes. National Fire Protection Association reports that fire related cases are the second highest cause after arson and constitute 14% of the total number of commercial fires in the US from 1999 to 2002 (Patrick, Nolan. 2008). Secondly, general liability insurance pl an protects from claims like ‘slip and fall’ or when a customer gets sick after eating food. Although it is named as ‘general liability’, business proprietors deal with such cases on a regular basis. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports that there are 25,000 food related shipments arrive per day from 100 different countries. Food and Drug Administration department manages to inspect only 1% of them (Patrick, Nolan. 2008). Therefore, food borne illness is on the rise more than ever. It makes imperative to have a general insurance plan. Beside an insurance plan that covers food borne illnesses, business owners should be careful about the inventory suppliers, technical specifics to store perishable items e.g. minimum required temperature for walk-ins and so on. Thirdly many states, like Texas, require restaurant owners to acquire liquor liability insurance. It responds to different liabilities cause by selling or serving liquor in the premises. For exampl e if some drunk and gets involved in a fight than the serving party is responsible. The worst scenario is when someone gets intoxicated, drives away, and involves in a traffic accident. Fourthly, if a worker gets injured while at work then you need worker compensation insurance. Let’s understand the importance of such liability plan with the help of a practical scenario. Suppose an employee is driving a company truck and gets cornered by another vehicle. As a result, the employee gets seriously injured. Now who compensates the employee? Since the party at fault carries worker compensation insurance so the claim will be settled down by the insurance company no matter how much it is. However, the annual premium goes high and thus affects the employer to a great deal. Fifthly, Life insurance is another optional plan that the owners may consider for themselves. In case of the owner’s demise, the heirs may not have enough to pay for his debts. In this case the business will be possessed by the lender. Many multinational companies and corporations offer this plan to their employees also. But it costs a hefty amount to the employer in terms of premium. An employees’ death on the premises raise claims, then life insurance plan addresses such liabilities towards the employer. Sixthly, Loss of Business insurance

Efficient Management of Cost Centers in an Organization Research Paper

Efficient Management of Cost Centers in an Organization - Research Paper Example EVA accepts that capital is not available for free and imputes a notional value on the capital used by a business unit after considering the inherent risk involved in a business and the weighted average cost of total capital employed in the business. The earnings for the year are then examined in detail and any unusual or abnormal earnings and expenditures are removed to derive the normal earning for that year. If such adjusted earning is more than the cost of capital, the organization has created value; else, it has destroyed it (Grant 2003). Thus, EVA encourages managers to increase operating profits without injecting fresh capital, finding avenues for investment that would generate higher returns and reallocating funds from less profitable ventures to ones that are more profitable. This approach does not depend merely on the proper management of the balance sheet but also on the level of efficiency of an organization. If the balance sheet is not properly managed, a company might c arry a lot more capital than it actually requires thus unnecessarily increasing the desired levels of operating profit that would just match the weighted average cost of capital. Again, if the company is not run efficiently it would not be able to earn sufficient operating profits so as to qualify as a value creator. Definitions of cost centres vary from country to country and it would be worthwhile to investigate how cost centres are perceived in Germany and the United States. In Germany, Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK), a common approach to cost accounting in that country, defines a subunit of an organization as a cost centre if the output of that subunit can be measured by a single unit.

Raising Awareness of Cholesterol Link to CHD

Raising Awareness of Cholesterol Link to CHD This essay will be based around a health promotion activity that was carried out by 6 students, the main focus is health promotion and raising awareness of cholesterol link to CHD. Centre for disease control and prevention (2013), defines cholesterol as a waxy, fat-like substance in the body that is necessary for normal function. In addition, health needs assessment will be identify, continuing with target groups involved with support from relevant epidemiology, demography and national and international policies. It will also outlined aims and objectives, approaches or strategy needs used to identify. Finally evaluation tool to consider the effectiveness of the health promotion activity. When promoting health, health can have different meaning to different individuals. WHO (1946), defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Naidoo and Wills (1998), highlights in order to promote health, it is necessary to prevent disease, improve health and enhanced well-being. Hubley and Coperman (2008), supports this by identifying, health promotion as a process in enabling individuals to increase control over and improve their health, in order to reach a complete physical, mental and social well-being. However, in promoting health, health need assessment is the first step in promoting health activity. According to Cavanaugh and Chadwich (2005), health needs assessment is defined as a systematic process of identifying priority health issues, targeting risk groups in the population with the most needs and taking action in the most cost effective and efficient way. Macdowell, Bowell and Davies (2006), went on to highlights health need assessment is important because it is a recommended tool in providing evidence about a population in which to plan services and address health inequalities. It can also help in strengthening community involvement in decision making by collaborative team work. In carrying out the health need assessment, a target group has to be identify. According to Hubley Coperman (2010), a target group is a section of the community at which the health promotion activities are directed. They went on to suggests, when considering a target group, it is necessary to have some consideration in mind. For instance, ethnic, cultural or age because they all have distinctive needs and their needs changed during life. The target group used for this assignment, age 25-34 was identified from statistics with the aim of trying to prevent the disease before it starts. In tackling health promotion, Scriven (yr), highlights that in preventing ill health for individuals within the population, first try to prevent the problem, prevent the problem by detecting and dealing with the problem and finally preventing the consequences or complications of the problem. Hubley Coperman (2010), highlights a situation assessment not only involves analysing the situation, but also asking why did the situation arose, what factors contributed to the situation and what contribution can health promotion make to improve the situation. UK statistics Epidemiology of coronary heart disease Epidemiology is a study of the population while it provides generalisation. For instance, how much exercise an average person needs. There might be individuals who needs might be different to others because of lifestyle (Heavey, yr). This can pose difficulty for health promotion. Therefore, taking finding from epidemiology and turn them into clear advice such as eating five portion fruits and vegetables per day and reducing saturated fat. However even with limitations, epidemiology is a key discipline in health promotion. It is necessary to understand the problem before action is taken to prevent or promote health (Hubley Copeman, 2010). According to Wright (2010), coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death and premature death in the uk. It has been identify that 1 in 5 men and 1 in 7 women die from CHD and the death rate each year is 94,000. LDL cholesterol widely accepted to be one of the main risk factors for CHD. Of all the key contributors to CHD, high blood pressure, low fruits and vegetables intake physical inactivity high blood cholesterol has been the greatest impact and yet use more than half the people in the western countries have cholesterol level higher than desirable. Mortality rate is 46 percent higher in men and 51 percent higher in women. According to British Heart Foundation (2012), there is around 2.3 million individuals living with CHD. This is due to increase of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia, along with socioeconomic deprivation and lifestyle (cite). In the UK immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, have a 50 percent greater risk of premature CHD. However, African-Caribbean population have a lower risk than national average risk of CHD (Naidoo Wills, 1998). International statistics According to the Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2014), it was highlighted that results from the National Health and Nutritional examination survey, approximately 3.4 million American adults above 20yrs, have severe hypertryceriaemia above 500. These individuals have a higher risk for developing CHD. As a consequence, CHD, is the leading cause of death for adults in the USA. Furthermore, Roth et al (2010), went on to support this by stating, CHD, cause over 18 million death in the world in 2005. (Wright, 2010). Policy According to the department of health (2010), policy paper healthy lives, healthy people our strategy for public health England, set out implications of health inequalities. Social, environmental, behavioural and biological factors are important influences on health. It highlights in tackling health inequalities, a much broader context needs to be consider. For instance, providing a route for poverty. Naidoo Wills (1998), supports this by highlighting that there are considerable evidence to show low income, inequality, diet, poor housing, lack of health care are factors that contribute to health persistent inequalities and deprivation. There is also a social gradient of health the lower a person’s social position the worse their health. Individuals in disadvantaged areas are more likely to have shorter lives expectancy and a greater burden on health is experience. The policy went on to highlights the gap of up to 27 yrs between the richest and the poorest neighbourhood, and wide variations within areas (Lloyd et al,2007). For example in London Kensignton and Chelsea, a man has a life expectancy of 88 yrs whereas in Tottenham Green, one of the poorest the age is 77 yrs. Obesity, smoking and alcohol misuse are associated with low income and deprivation (Waugh Brooker, 2007). However the gap has been narrowed due to health promotion. People are now more healthier and living longer than before and their level of well-being are as good as those in European countries. Also because of public health innovations such as enhanced nutrition, smoking cessation clinics, cholesterol screening, physical activity to include exercise, has helped to reduce cost and mortality and morbidity rates (Llyod et al, 2007). Also, empowering people and health promotion approaches, it has shown an improvement on individuals and communities behaviour or lifestyle changes. According to Tones (1995), for many health promoters, empowerment at an individual level is a central tenant of health promotion. However, empowerment is a difficult concept to measure (Scriven Orme, 2001). However, Bradshaw (1972), classified four needs normative, felt, expressed and comparative. For this assignment the group identify normative need. According to normative need refers to what expert opinion based on research. For instance, a decision by the GP that a patient needs medication, after cholesterol screening. Approaches It is important when providing health promotion to have an understanding of the approaches. There are five approaches and the group has chosen the behavioural and educational approach. According to Katz et al (2002), behavioural approach encourages individuals to make positive health related changes. For instance, in the workplace it is encourage to use the stairs instead of the lifts. This is beneficial and can help to reduce weight which can have an effect on coronary heart disease. Other targeted lifestyle behaviour that can have impact on coronary heart disease is smoking, alcohol use, diet and nutrition. The aim of this approach is to prevent disease such as heart disease by reduction of associated risk factors such as eating more fruits and vegetables and cutting down on saturated fat. The intention of the educational approach is to provide people with knowledge and information that will enable them to develop the necessary skills to make informed choices about their behaviours. Therefore, communication skills are the key to this approach. Educational approach can be in the form of mass media, and one-one. According to Tones and Tilford (1994), there are many examples of success in enhancing knowledge and information through health education carried out in healthcare settings. One advantage of this approach, it can easily be measured. For instance, survey. With limitation, evaluation of this approach may be difficult. People may have increased their knowledge and understanding of their health behaviour but may not make the necessary change (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Therefore, when health promotion is carried out, aims and objectives need to be followed. They should be specific, measureable, achievable, realistic and time. The group identified several aims and objectives. The aim of the group at the end of the health promotion, was to raise awareness and educate of the danger of cholesterol link to CHD. According to( ) aims are defined as general statement of what the programme is trying to achieve such as reduce inequality as in health promotion. Whereas, the objectives or a target is a statement of proposed change over a fixed period of time. An objective should be measurable. This will allow others to know what is been planned making a decision about its implementation and evaluates. The objectives were as follows: Three risk factors which can increase coronary heart disease Describe what coronary heart disease is. Three complications that can occur because of high cholesterol. Where someone can go to get their cholesterol check. Evaluation Evaluation is a systematic way of learning from experiences and the lesson learnt use it to improve current activities and promote better planning (Scott Western, 1998). Evaluation is also done to measure its effectiveness, whether or not stated objectives has been achieve, and efficiency which is the amount of effort in terms of time, human resources and cost was worth the effort and process evaluation monitoring the progress during the programme which involves to find out if what was done has been achieved (Pender et al, 2006). During evaluation programme different types of evaluation maybe undertaken at different stages including process, impact and outcome. First the process evaluation is undertaken if the aims are to determine the degree to which the programme or its individual components is reaching the target group or the materials and components of the programme are of good quality. Process evaluation is important to undertake in conjunction with impact or outcome evaluation, as it helps to explain better both positive, and negative intervention effect ( Scott Western, 1998). It was highlighted that the health promotion activity objectives has been achieved. For instance, the literature such as questionnaire demonstrated to some extend that the message that was put across which is knowledge and understanding in relation to cholesterol with link to coronary heart disease. It has also shown to be cost effective because the group spend less than the fifteen pounds that was allotted for spending on resources and material used. Some resources were either borrowed or given as gifts. To continue with the impact evaluation, this is referred to as the immediate effect Macdowell et al (2006). The participants’ knowledge and understanding of the subject was successful in most areas as highlighted by the figures after the questionnaires were done. For instance, 100% of people found that the health promotion was useful, 80% were able to list 3 factors which can increase cholesterol level, 100% tick the correct statement to describe coronary heart disease, 95% of people knew where to go to get their cholesterol level check either a GP, clinic, or hospital. The other two questions were at a lower percentage of 50% and 75%. This could have been due to some people may not of understood the question, did not read the question properly or the health promoter was not clear enough or did not explain or was lacking knowledge on the subject. The final theory the outcome, focus on the results or changes brought about by the programme intended or unintended. The choice of outcome to measure is determined by the programme goal (Scott Western, 1998). For example, if the goal is to achieve reducing cholesterol level of understanding the link to coronary heart disease, it will need to be measured before and after. For outcome to be measured it would be difficult for the group because the audience would be difficult to contact at a later date and the setting which was a university was not the best place in educating individuals and to get a follow up. The community clinic or GP would be more appropriate. There were positives that came out of the forum as highlighted by the questionnaires and feedback from other members of groups and tutors. However, it was highlighted some posters were to small, target group were not identified and also one tutor highlighted the target group use from evidence and statistics were not suitable. However, the target group used which was 25-34 was discussed in lectures with our tutor and was told to target individuals from the statistics by preventing the disease before it starts. Word count 2360 needs 2200 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/quality-standards-for-coronary-heart-disease-care https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/healthy-lives-healthy-people-our-strategy-for-public-health-in-england

Just-in- Time in Kalamazoo Essay

A firm specializing in motor homes located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Discusses changes in inventory and other cost since the recent expansion of its market from the local Midwest to a national one. The companies also have to deal with another major problem because it only manufactures a few of it components while the others are purchased form outside vendors. In an attempt to reduce component part expenses, the president of the company considers implementing the Just-in-time system in his firm. The just in time is a system developed by Toyota designed to control quality develop supplier and distributors’ relationship and minimize inventory. 1.What is the total annual cost of maintaining the components inventory under the present system? Under the present system the total cost to maintain the component per year is $1,292824.00 2.What would be the total annual cost of maintaining the components under the JIT system (Assuming no safety stocks)? The annual cost of maintaining the components under the JIT system would be 3. Should Ballenger take into account any other cost or benefits from JIT system? if so what are they? With the JIT system Ballenger would be less concern about maintaining a large inventory and they would less likely to experience shrinkage. The just-in-time system will also ensure that parts are available to manufacture products and will better serve customers more effectively and efficiently. 4. If the JIT system is adopted are there safety sticks of any item that should be maintained? If so which ones and how much If JIT system is adopted DVD players should be placed under capacity safety because they seem to be quite expensive. 5.If JIT system is adopted, what changes if any should occur in the relationships between Ballenger’s firm and his suppliers of components? Discuss They would need to be more alert keen and discipline in terms of delivery therefore the firm and the supplier would have to maintain good communication skills to avoid any defects. 6. Assume that Ballenger has switched to the JIT system and that he receives a surprise phone call from a competitor who is going out of business. The competitor wants to sell Ballenger 7,000 dome lights of the type listed in Exhibit 2-A. Should Ballenger buy them? If so, at what price? I don’t think that Ballenger should purchase these lights because according to the JIT system one of its aim is to instill discipline and this therefore will ruin such vision not only that but Ballenger would also have to consider storage for these light bulbs. 7. Carrying cost are 20 percent. Is there a level of carrying cost at which both Ballenger’s present system and a JIT system have similar cost what is that? There won’t be a level when the two systems have the same cost but if so it would be at a extremely high rate possible exceeding 100 percent.

Psa Evaluation of Aquino Administration

PSA’S EVALUATION OF THE AQUINO ADMINISTRATION FROM THE RESEARCHERS’ PERSPECTIVE Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Methodology and Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 8 Authors’ Stand on the Assessment Presented†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 36 Abstract The paper PSA’s Evaluation of the Aquino Administration from the Researchers’ Perspective was conducted to inform the readers how the Aquino administration handled the crises that had occurred since its start in June 2010. The group utilized the historical research technique and content analysis strategy in collecting relevant information for the study. The data collected from various sources like newspapers and websites were then written in note cards. There were various disasters that have occurred in the Philippines, and based on the group’s analysis, the researchers have found out that the Aquino administration, in its first few months, was not able to properly handle the different adversities that have plagued the Philippines. With these, the group has concluded that the country had been inflicted with much damage by the man-made and natural disasters that took place in the Philippines. PSA’s Evaluation of the Aquino Administration from the Researchers’ Perspective It has been six months since Benigno Simeon Aquino III has taken the position as the 15th president of the Philippines. Over the course of those months, numerous catastrophes and issues have since occurred. The Pacific Strategies and Assessments (PSA) is an organization that released an assessment of how the Aquino administration performed in its first few months, wherein they criticized the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† and that the president, along with his cabinet members and set of government officials, has not done any significant change to improve the situation of the Philippines. With its completion, this paper aims to express the group’s reaction on the said assessment and determine whether the PSA was righteous in its claims about the Aquino administration and of the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. For the first few months, the Aquino administration has been struggling to cope with the demands of the Filipino masses. In reality, the Philippines has been plagued by malicious controversies, threatening disasters, and various crises. Based on the evaluation of the PSA, the administration was not able to handle the said adversities proficiently. Based on this, the researchers believe that it is righteous for the PSA to dub the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. At the rise of a new administration under President Aquino, innumerable disasters and calamities have occurred. The Pacific Strategies and Assessments, with various bases, has concluded that the Philippines is one of Asia’s most unsafe destinations. Due to this assessment, concerned Filipinos desire to be further informed by the country’s setbacks and incorporate their views and opinions regarding these. In addition to the objectives presented, through extensive research and the critical analysis of the information gathered, the researchers wanted to provide their detailed criticism of the assessment of PSA on the Aquino administration. The group then aims to shed light on the following questions: 1) What is the Pacific Strategies and Assessments? What is its function? As a socio-economic organization, what are its objectives? 2) What are its bases in dubbing the country as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†? 3) According to PSA, has the Aquino administration performed proficiently during its first few months? 4) With these bases, is it right for PSA to label the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†? 5) Do the researchers agree with the assessment presented by PSA? This study will focus on four main parts: the Pacific Strategies and Assessments, five of the worst disasters and crimes—the Maguindanao massacre, the Quirino Grandstand hostage-taking crisis, Typhoon Juan, the terrorist attack threats and the various kidnapping crises—that have plagued the country, the steps the Aquino administration has taken to solve these issues, and the researchers’ reaction on the PSA’s assessment that the Philippines is the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. On the other hand, this study does not discuss other catastrophes that have troubled the country during the Aquino administration. Although there are other disasters that have occurred during the governance of Pres. Noynoy Aquino, the researchers deem that this paper should only focus on the worst disasters that have troubled the country since these are the bases of PSA in its assessment. Moreover, from the title itself, this paper is limited to the researchers’ point of view alone because there were no interviews nor surveys conducted to determine the various reactions of the other Filipinos affected by the crises that have occurred in the country. The significance of this study is to inform the Filipino people and the people from all over the world as well, of how the other nations view the Philippines because of the disasters in the country. This study also exposes how the present administration handles the different disasters that have plagued the country. With these, this research paper will benefit the Filipino masses, for they will be informed of the adversities that are ruining their nation, and they will be educated on handling catastrophes to avoid having their country criticized as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. This paper is also timely because it tackles the worst disasters that have devastated, and some that still wreak havoc in the Philippines up to present. With the completion of this paper, the researchers have been able to provide the Filipinos a justification of the righteousness of the assessment of the PSA to their home country. Findings This part of the paper includes the related readings that have aided the group in their research. It is comprised of the background of the PSA, its functions and objectives, and its assessment of the Aquino Administration based on five of the worst disasters that have occurred in the Philippines. These serve as reference materials, from which various information were lifted to support the analysis and interpretation of the data. Pacific Strategies and Assessments (PSA), is a socio-economic organization based in Asia and the United States of America; it has offices in Manila, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Bangkok and Milwaukee. Its Manila office is the oldest and largest branch and is currently under the management of the Executive Director Graeme Campbell (â€Å"Pacific Strategies and Assessments†, n. d. ). PSA specializes in Asian risks. At the same time, it provides discreet and confidential security and crisis management services which help different associations protect their assets, prevent security violations, respond to emergencies and facilitate business flow in times of crisis. It also assists its clients in making reliable decisions in the field of business in Asia. PSA helps reduce risks associated with various crimes through its investigation services and provides background screening of its clients. Furthermore, it prepares intelligence briefs regarding political and economic situations to its clients, in this case, the Philippines. PSA aims to maximize the advantages and minimize the risks of facilitating business in places often jeopardized by political and economic instabilities, security threats, terrorism and lax rule of law (â€Å"What PSA does†, 2010). With these readings, the researchers were informed of the functions and objectives of PSA as a socio-economic organization. This knowledge has aided the group in deciphering the right of the said organization to dub the country as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia. Moreover, these have helped the researchers know whether the PSA has efficiently performed its functions to its member countries, particularly, the Philippines. In PSA's (2010) assessment on the Aquino administration, it criticized the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† because of the multiple risks like coups, rebel extortions, an d terrorist threats that regularly occur in the country, and the particular crimes that have haunted the Filipinos and the rest of the world during the Aquino administration. It has indicated that hese fiascos could throw some daunting challenges at the different businesses in the country, therefore, affecting the Philippine economy and the performance of the present government headed by President Benigno Simeon Aquino III, or more commonly known as PNoy to the Filipino people. The following are the disasters and crimes that have influenced PSA to assess the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. The Ampatuans have been in charge of Maguindanao since 2001. Their reign started after former Pres. Corazon Aquino replaced every locally-elected official because she came into power by means of a revolution. Andal Ampatuan Sr. was appointed by former President Aquino as the officer-in-charge in Shariff Aguak in 1986 after the successful People Power Revolution. Andal Ampatuan Sr. won the 1988 local elections and served for ten years; he was then elected as governor in 1998. He has been elected as provincial governor three times, unopposed, but with his inability to run for a third term, he prepares his son Andal Jr. to govern in his place (â€Å"Cory gave Ampatuan his break†, 2009). Authorities claimed that there were at least 161 suspects involved in the execution of the Maguindanao massacre. Director General Jesus Verzosa stated that the majority of the suspects were policemen, soldiers, and government officials under the control of the Ampatuan clan. Verzosa said that the mayor of Datu Unsay town, Andal Ampatuan Jr. , was tagged as the mastermind of these killings (â€Å"Police chief names suspects†, 2009). The Maguindanao massacre is one of the deadliest events that has happened in the Philippine history which led to the death of 58 people including journalists, lawyers, government officials, tourists, some relatives of Esmael Mangundadatu, and his wife Genalyn Tiamson-Mangudadatu (David, 2009). Alcuin Papa (2009) noted that in the morning of November 23, 2009 in the Maguindanao province, the victims were kidnapped and killed while they were on their way to file the certificate of candidacy of Esmael Mangudadatu. The victims were shot in their heads and chests at close range, and those who were still alive were finished off by Andal Ampatuan Jr. himself. The victims were buried under the mass grave which was prepared two days before the said slaying. Before the mass murder happened, Mangudadatu received a threat from the opposing clan saying that they would kill him if he pursues the filing of his COC. Mangudadatu decided to let the media cover his filing of COC to stop or hinder the said assault, but was still unable to prevent the hideous incident. These readings have helped the researchers by supporting the idea that the Ampatuans committed the horrendous crime as a means of instituting and preserving their power over Maguindanao. These readings have proven that the generations of Ampatuans have held offices in the area for a relatively long period, yet they refuse to let go of their vast influence in the region. Furthermore, these readings have also proven that the said massacre is one of the most devastating crimes that have occurred in the country’s history, and has become an essential part of PSA’s assessment, which, in turn, has greatly contributed to the group’s evaluation. On the other hand, on the 23rd of August 2010, a hostage taking took place at the Quirino Grandstand which resulted in nine deaths including Hong Kong nationals and the perpetrator Rolando Mendoza himself, a disgruntled former senior inspector. At the peak of his career, Mendoza was ranked one of the Ten Outstanding Policemen of the Philippines and was famously known for leading a group of policemen tracking down a van filled with crates of money believed to be smuggled by former President Ferdinand Marcos out of the country. In 2008, he was dismissed from his position after misconduct and drug abuse charges. At around 7 in the evening of August 23, the SWAT team began to enclose on the bus and tried to enter it by breaking its windows using sledgehammers. However, they were forced back by gunfire coming from the bus. The police's endeavor to break into the bus lasted for an hour. Tear gas canisters were catapulted into the bus as the police tried to pry open the door by tying a rope attached to a police car, which unfortunately ended with the rope snapping. Later, police marksmen in positions gunned Mendoza in the head (â€Å"Manila Hostage Taking Crisis†, 2010). Pia Lee-Brago (2010) wrote that the August 23 crisis which resulted in 8 Hong Kong tourist deaths negatively affected the Philippines' relations with China. Hong Kong calls on Filipino witnesses to help determine the real cause of death of the eight tourists and proclaimed that its government is disappointed in Malacanan legal team's order to reduce investigations and reviews against those involved in the rescue. 19 injured Hong Kong nationals including children and elderly were among those injured in the hostage taking. In addition, the 8 deceased victims' bodies have already been sent back to their families in Hong Kong. President Aquino has ordered a rigorous investigation headed by Secretary of Justice Leila de Lima (Avendano, 2010). On August 31, preliminary results of the official investigation were released and showed that a high calibre weapon fired within the bus caused the hostages' wounds. 58 of the 65 M16 rifle cartridges recovered from the coach were from Mendoza's gun. The investigation team spokesperson stated that it was certain that Mendoza killed the eight hostages who died in the incident (Wong, 2010). On September 3, however, De Lima admitted that some of the hostages may have been shot by the police (â€Å"Philippines admits police†, 2010). These served as evidences that the Filipino policemen lack the know-how of handling crimes like the hostage taking, putting the lives of not only Filipinos but also other nationalities who are residing or visiting the country, in great danger. Moreover, these readings have further proven that the Aquino administration has not efficiently done its part on the investigation of the incident causing a large gap between the China-Hong Kong-Philippine relations. With the evidences presented, the group has remained firm on their stand that the government has not yet done any significant action to solve these problems. Typhoon â€Å"Juan†, with â€Å"Megi† as its international name, is the strongest typhoon to hit the country last 2010. It had a wind speed of 250 kph putting 20 provinces on storm alert. Residents of 35 towns in Cagayan were forced to evacuate due to the danger brought about by the typhoon, according to Flores (2010). Cagayan and Isabela were placed on the highest storm signal and experienced strong winds. Some residents living in low-lying areas of Cagayan valley voluntarily evacuated while equipment in preparation for the typhoon were positioned in Northern Luzon (De Leon, Reyes, Hachero, Bengco ; Naval, 2010). Juan dumped heavy rains over Manila after leaving at least 11 people dead and 32 million pesos worth of damage to road network and other infrastructures. Data from National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) (as cited in â€Å"‘Super Juan’ leaves 11 dead†, 2010) showed 10, 434 people from 57 barangays in 27 municipalities and one city in Northern and Central Luzon were drastically affected by the typhoon. After this unpleasant incident, relief operations were provided to residents of the affected regions. Vice President Binay offered the typhoon victims PAG-IBIG financial assistance. The PAG-IBIG fund was directed to allot 200 million pesos under its calamity loan program for the victims of typhoon â€Å"Juan† (Barcelo, 2010). Cauayan, Isabela, one of the worst-hit areas of the typhoon, (as cited in â€Å"DSWD secretary flies to Isabela†, 2010) was personally visited by the DSWD Secretary Corazon Juliano-Soliman and DILG Secretary Jesse Robredo to assess the damage caused by typhoon â€Å"Juan† and to provide the victims of 11. 96 million pesos worth of relief goods. These relief goods consist of 5,000 food packs, tents, noodles, and 1,000 boxes of high-energy protein biscuits. In Cagayan Region alone, 3. 2 million pesos worth of relief assistance was provided by the DSWD. These information from readings have greatly helped the group be informed of the devastating effects that Typhoon Juan has inflicted on the different areas of Luzon, the innumerable injuries and deaths the typhoon has caused, and the programs and operations that the government has implemented in order to aid the victims of the said typhoon. Moreover, these readings have proven that the Philippines lack preparedness with regards to handling the wrath of natural calamities. At the height of the terrorist attacks threatening the Philippines, the Filipinos themselves turned out to be ignorant of the terrifying assaults intended for the country. Armed Forces of the Philippines spokesman Brig. Gen. Jose Mabanta even said that â€Å"there is no imminent threat, there is no information which says that there is an impending attack† (as cited in â€Å"Terror Incognito†, 2010, p. A12). The nation also appeared to have no access to the information disseminated by the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and eventually France, when these countries advised their respective citizens to stop travelling to the Philippines because of a possible terrorist strike (â€Å"Terror Incognito†, 2010 ; Yap, Zamora, Papa, Bordadora ; Fernandez, 2010). The Australian Embassy even noted that â€Å"reliable reports indicate that the terrorist attacks might be imminent in Metro Manila, including places frequented by foreigners† (as cited by Brago, 2010, para 3). British and US authorities likewise declared that these menacing terrorist threats could happen anytime in Manila. Speaker Sonny Belmonte then explained via phone interview, â€Å"We are calling to our allies, especially their intelligence agencies, to share with us what they know, what this is all about† (as cited in Ubac, 2010, p. A8). Even though six countries have already warned their residents of the forthcoming attacks, Pazzibugan, Papa and Esplanada (2010) stated that â€Å"Filipino security officials downplayed the alerts. These related materials have proven that the Philippine government, along with the Filipino citizens, were ignorant of the threatening terrorist attacks, when other nations deem that the Philippines itself is the cause of chaos. Upon discovery of the root of this problem, the Philippine police and the other security groups in the country have not exercised their duties to protect and serve the Filipinos. With these, the group’s stand concerni ng the performance of the Aquino administration, particularly the police and military, has been further strengthened. Aside from these, due to the numerous incidents of kidnapping in the Philippines, the country has earned the title â€Å"Kidnap Capital of Asia. † The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism describes kidnapping in the country as â€Å"†¦ a virtual cottage industry in which little capital and apparently equally little risk can mean millions of pesos in profits† (as cited by Clayton, n. d. ). For years, this problem has been a major hindrance to the growth and development of the country. With this, many Filipino citizens requested that Republic Act 9372 or Human Security Act of 2007 should be fully supported and implemented because this is one way of preventing the surge of kidnaps in the country (Samonte, 2010). In remote places in the Philippines, there are rampant kidnapping incidents involving wealthy and powerful political families. In Cotabato, two people were killed when gunmen abducted the wife of the prominent local trader, Lucio Tan. At the age of 50, Conchita Tan was riding their car, and was about 30 meters away from their home when she was seized by about six car-riding suspects. It was said that Conchita’s bodyguard tried to prevent the kidnapping and even traded fire with the suspects, but Conchita ended up dead together with her driver (Fernandez, Senase ; Alipala, 2010). In Valenzuela City, on October 17, 2010, a criminal gang released eight kidnap victims of which seven are schoolchildren. At around 6:30 in the morning of October 14, the father of the three children and their four cousins were snatched in the said city. The victims were said to be Chinese-Filipinos or Tsinoys. According to Felipe (2010), it was the fifth kidnap-for-ransom case since President Aquino has assumed office last June 30. Meanwhile, the charred body of Venson Evangelista was discovered by a farmer in the remote barangay of Buliran, Cabanatuan City on January 14, 2010. The body has been burned with the use of kerosene and rubber tire. It was found out that a 9 mm pistol was used to kill Evangelista. The same situation also happened to another car dealer, Emerson Lozano and his driver, Ernane Sensil, whose bodies were found in Porac, Pampanga and La Paz, Tarlac, respectively. Central Luzon police director, Chief Supt. Alan Purisima said, â€Å"Probably, only one group did it. It’s positive that the body found in Cabanatuan was Venson Evangelista’s† (as cited by Galang ; Pazzibugan, 2011, p. A18). Using these information, the researchers have found out that the crime of kidnapping is one of the most devastating setbacks of the country’s security concerns. Through the years, it has remained as one of the most frequently committed crimes in the Philippines. Even though the government has plans to alleviate the various crimes in the country, it is evident that their efforts to stop kidnapping incidents in the country are futile. This part of the paper, in summary, tackles the various topics concerning the specific subjects of the study. It includes the presentation of the Pacific Strategies and Assessments (PSA) as a socio-economic organization, and the enumeration and investigation of some of the worst man-made and natural disasters that plagued the Philippines under the Aquino administration. In addition, it also discusses PSA’s appraisal that the Philippines is the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. Based on the timely data and information gathered through broad research, the group has formulated their analysis and interpretation of the most dangerous disasters that have occurred in the Philippines. In addition, the group’s views regarding the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† are discussed in this part of the paper. Authors’ Stand on the Assessment Presented The following are the worst disasters that have occurred in the Philippines that served as the bases of PSA in its assessment of the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. On November 23, 2009, an estimate of 100 gunmen associated to Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr. allegedly abducted in broad daylight a convoy of aides and relatives of a rival politician, Esmael Mangudadatu, and a group of journalists, as they headed for the local Commission on Elections office to formally file Mangudadatu's certificate of candidacy (COC) for the position occupied by Ampatuan Sr. then. Hours later, news broke out that the convoy had been massacred, with 58 people dead because of senseless slaughter and mutilation. This incident has left many people speechless as words failed to convey the outrage felt by those who were horrified by the said tragedy. Families who lost their loved ones on the said mishap continuously grieve and fervently pray that justice be served to them accordingly. What happened to their kin, especially to the female victims, who were said to be sexually-abused before getting killed, was so barbaric that the group, as well as the Filipinos all over the country, could almost feel their pain and anguish. The Ampatuans, long before the incident, were already suspected of being involved in unsolved killings in particular areas and regions in Maguindanao. Many were also affected by their acquisitiveness and their desire for power. Unfortunately, the people in Maguindanao were afraid to testify or file cases to the Ampatuans as they believe that the Philippine government will not be able to protect them from reprisal. The government takes a part of the blame for the brutal killing of several people, all of which were innocent. The past administration headed by former Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, was still not able to dismantle the ruthlessness in Mindanao. The government has failed to solve the cruel cases that take place in Mindanao almost everyday. Their handling of the situation weakened the people’s already fragile trust in supposedly democratic institutions as the government gave a disorganized response to the circumstances. However, as Pres. Noynoy Aquino took oath as the President of the Philippines, the Philippine government was still not able to pursue more critical investigations of the said massacre. As a result, the families of those who were killed last November 23, 2009 still continue to grieve as no justice is given to them. Although Ampatuan Jr. , with the other people involved in the crime, remains in jail because of his inhumane act, the victims’ mourning families still firmly desire to punish him more severely for putting an end to 58 innocent lives. The group believes that the frightening incident should spark meticulous going reforms not only in the region, but in the whole Philippines as well, more than merely disarming the private armies the national government truly needs to foster authentic participation by the marginalized sectors in governance. Additionally, the government needs to initiate programs and policies to give power to the poor by establishing anti-poverty measures such as asset reforms so that the poor would no longer be dependent on politicians, local warlords or traditional political families or more commonly known as trapos. More importantly, the Aquino government needs to restore and strengthen rural democratic institutions because these are considered to be the weakest links of governance in the rural areas. These institutions include the people’s organizations which remain unprotected by the government. Also, the private sector and civil society also have roles to take part in the development of these regions especially because multi-sectoral development initiatives that involve the beneficiaries have proven to be successful. If the government pursues genuine development and peace initiatives in these regions, the indigenous peoples would finally be able to pursue economic and governance activities without fearing for their lives. These are among the steps that the group suggests the present administration is expected to carry out to develop the current investigations of this atrocious massacre. Aside from the massacre, the hostage-taking incident that has taken place at the Quirino Grandstand has greatly influenced PSA’s assessment. Twenty-seven Hong Kong nationals who were on their last day of vacation in the Philippines were taken as hostages by ex-SPO2 Rolando Mendoza last August 23, 2010. The police, soldiers, bystanders, and the Filipino people, through the live coverage of the media, altogether witnessed one of the most heinous crimes to be ever committed in the country last 2010. With this incident, nine people died; eight out of the 27 tourists were killed, and the hostage-taker himself was shot, and was later declared dead by the police. Who is to be blamed for this tragedy? Whose fault was it that what should have been a joyful trip for these foreigners resulted to the loss of some of their lives? Were sound judgment and careful planning exercised by the security groups of our country in dealing with the situation then? Certainly, the service provided by the Filipino policemen and soldiers that tragic night was not to the full extent by which they could have prevented the crime or even just lessened the tension brought about by the situation. It is not that they have not done their jobs of protecting the people, but their efforts were clearly not enough to impede the crisis. The media also had the responsibility to be sensible to the people involved in the tragedy, but with what had happened, they appeared to be on the wrong track—they even covered the whole event; even the most sensitive parts of the incident were shown to the public through various media like the internet, radio and television. This crime has created a wide gap between Hong Kong-China and the Philippines as the former believes that the latter does not deserve its trust again because of what has happened. Not only that, but news about the hostage-taking did not only distress the Filipinos; it was even aired in international news channels like the CNN and BBC. This alarmed even the other nations, and with this, they were disturbed and were eventually convinced that the Philippines is an ill-fated nation, that the country is not a good place to visit at all. Worse, various photos and videos of meddlers in the crime scene, some college students and police officers themselves, were posted online for the world to see. This even triggered an angrier crowd from all over the world. Due to this, other people from the different races deemed that all Filipinos are not hospitable nor peace-loving; nevertheless, they do not pay respect to the victims of the tragedy. The current investigations of the Philippines regarding the hostage-incident are slow-paced as the country is negotiating with the Hong Kong government. Both parties could still not agree with how they will investigate and with how they will push through with the operations regarding this crime. The group sees that the cause of this delay is the ruined relationships of the two parties involved. The Philippines, under the present administration of PNoy, has been trying to offer many benefits for the families of the eight Hong Kong nationals who were killed. However, the Hong Kong government demands more than what the Philippine administration could offer. Because of this, both the Philippines and Hong Kong conduct their own investigations without the help of each other, making the examination of the Quirino Grandstand hostage incident stagnant. As of now, the Philippines is facing the challenge of rebuilding its reputation which was destroyed in just a snap of a finger. It is truly difficult to regain the trust of other nations, especially Hong Kong and China, after what has occurred. Moreover, it is hard to revive the glorious days of the nation after this disgrace. Although the Filipino citizens are in the verge of being torn apart by malice and controversy, all of them can still contribute to uplift the Philippines’ image. Each Filipino, regardless of age, gender and social status can take part in the mission of changing the way the rest of the world sees the country. Even in the simplest ways, the researchers can help their motherland recover from this misery; they can make others realize that what one man did doesn’t necessarily reflect what a whole nation of Filipinos is. On the other hand, Typhoon â€Å"Juan† (international name Megi), being the strongest and most destructive typhoon to ever hit the Philippines in 2010, has caused devastating damages to several provinces in Luzon, especially to Cagayan and Isabela where the typhoon’s wrath was felt the strongest. The typhoon caused 11 deaths, millions of pesos worth of damages, and many people homeless just a few months before the Christmas season. Could these damages have been prevented or just even lessened? What would then happen to those people who lost their loved ones and their homes? What more could the government do to help these people get back on their feet? Indeed, the government has been there to offer donations to those victims of the natural disaster as it has always been the first one being seen or heard in news, yet does their work stop there? Quite disappointing as it is, their jobs do not stop there, unlike what they believe so. The government is divided into many departments and branches that are interrelated well enough, so devastation this massive is not expected. In the Philippines, it is widely known that the months of September to early November fall under the rainy season, so the government could have been more prepared for the expected typhoon that would hit the country. The government could have started programs that would educate and prepare people on what to do in situations like this because prevention of these catastrophes is always better than alleviating the problems it causes and entails. The government could also have built concrete roads and stable infrastructures in the calamity-prone areas of the country so that rescue and relief operations could reach disaster-struck areas quicker and these services could be provided more efficiently. After the massive destruction of the typhoon, the government could help the people live normally again by providing them livelihood projects and â€Å"payment† for the damages so that people can get by and grant scholarship and health benefits as well. Instead, what the government does is give short-term relief to the people greatly devastated. After a week, when the relief goods have been consumed, what will the people do? In the end, what they need more is a greater â€Å"push†Ã¢â‚¬â€a push that combined with their own efforts, will result in greater and long-term benefits that will get them their lives back on track. In contrast to this natural calamity, the Philippines has also been threatened by terrorist attacks which caused chaos not only among the citizens of the country but among the people of the world as well. Despite all the actions taken by six countries—Great Britain, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and France—the Philippine government continued to ignore the imminent terror attack on the Philippine territory. With this, how can the Philippine government protect its citizens from danger if they, themselves take no notice of the threat? In an interview, President Benigno Simeon Aquino III unfortunately uttered out loud two distinct possibilities behind the Philippine government’s unclenched reaction. The first probability is that, maybe, the information is unreliable and is therefore wrong. The Aquino administration is conveying an almost cavalier attitude toward it. It isn’t true—that is the government’s story, and they’re sticking to it despite the urgency with which the six countries are dealing with the information. The other was that those alarmed countries had the information, and did not share it with the Philippines. â€Å"There were several countries that discussed this among themselves, and we are the targets and lots of these people are our allies. I think we should have been informed† the President said (as cited in â€Å"Terror Incognito†, 2010, p. A12). It transpires that the Philippine allies failed to let the Philippines know about the danger, and the government took it personally. With the said possibilities, the nation cannot afford to let down its guard, but what did the Aquino administration do? Instead of providing security to the country, they chose to turn their back on the issue. For the Philippine government to put pride before the safety of its people, that scenario would be the most threatening of all. Whether this rumor turns out to be real or not, it is still essential to deal with this threat as the real thing. In a generation where small pieces of information can be as potent a destroyer as the explosives themselves, it is the government’s first duty to ensure that its citizens are safe, even if it looks like jumping the gun, even if it looks like they are erring on the side of caution. It is the correct response, no matter what. It is the welfare of the citizens that should be first taken care of by the government, and not the interest of the economy. Besides, the Philippines is not in such a precarious situation, that it cannot afford to protect the people before the businesses at stake. These terror threats may be real or ot, but it only in knowing the truth about this crucial issue can the security of the country and its people be truly served. Another basis of PSA in labeling the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† is the high rates of kidnappings in the country. The Philippines, being plagued by frequent kidnapping incidents, does not only mark a scar on the country’s face to the whole world. This even creates a barrier that prevents foreign trade, foreign investments, and tourism of the country with the rest of the world. Because of this, the growth and development of the country slows down and is feared to come to a complete halt someday. Any person, regardless of age or gender, may be a victim of this crime. Based on the data gathered, the kidnapping of various people including politicians, local traders, schoolchildren, Filipino-Chinese people, and car dealers defines that no one is exempted from being kidnapped. Kidnapping for ransom forces one to choose between his/her life and his/her money or properties, but in some unfortunate cases, both his/her life and his/her possessions were lost. A concrete example was Venson Evangelista and Emerson Lozano’s case: they were shot dead and burned, giving up not only their cars but also their precious lives. The government should strictly implement more laws regarding the crime of kidnapping so that it could be prevented. Also, intensive investigations should be prioritized to solve the alarming rates of kidnapping cases not only in the densely-populated areas of the country, but even in the rural places in the Philippines. The increasing number of kidnappings defines that the police are not executing their duties proficiently. The police evidently outnumber the kidnappers, but if they don’t act immediately, the situation will be turned and there would be more kidnappers than policemen. Scars cannot be healed hastily; they need time to be restored. Likewise, the Philippines needs a strong medication to repair all the scars gashed by the blades of kidnapping. With these catastrophes, issues and controversies, the PSA has dubbed the country as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† since the country has evidently remained incapable of handling the wrath both natural and man-made disasters bring. The Philippine government and the Filipinos themselves have been struggling to face the aftermath of the misfortunes faced by the country at present. With the various proofs that emerged from this research, the group has agreed with the Pacific Strategies and Assessment’s assertion of the Philippines as the most disaster-prone area in Asia, therefore labeling the country as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia†. Furthermore, the group deemed that the Aquino administration was not able to handle all the said adversities effectively since the effects brought about by most of the disasters are still not resolved even after months, and even after many years. The slow progress of trials and cases that are still not brought up to court and the temporary and insufficient relief that is offered to the victims of natural calamities have proven that the administration has failed to meet the expected standard of the performance of their duties and responsibilities to the people. The administration may have helped several victims who suffered the complications brought about by the natural calamities in some short-term ways, but it was clearly not enough to sustain the lives of the many people who mainly rely on the aid the government provides. Moreover, it has not been able to help the victims of the crimes and their families find justice for the prejudice they suffered. Aside from these, the Philippines continues to be a country unaware of the impending danger in their environment causing the Filipinos to risk their lives every single second they spend in the unsecured country. More importantly, the Philippine government has the obligation to serve the Filipino masses by protecting them by all means. Simply, the government should be prepared of every forthcoming disaster since the lives of many of the citizens are on their hands. Disappointing as it is, the government has their own strategies; they wait for the disaster, and after it has already destroyed properties and has claimed lives, they plan what to do. It seems like the Philippine government has never learned from the past administrations; the officials of the country continue to ignore the consequences of their obliviousness. The Philippines has actually gone through many ills: from the typhoons that struck and flooded the country to terrorist threats that alarmed other nations not to visit the Philippines. This leaves no excuse for the Philippine government to be unprepared for these disasters. The government should have at least prepared a certain plan of action in case more disasters loom in the Philippines. Based on these findings, the researchers came up with the following important points: 1. After more than a year since the Maguindanao massacre, the families of the victims still continue to grieve as no recent investigation has been pursued to solve the said case. 2. The Quirino-Grandstand hostage-taking incident clearly did not only ruin the relations between the Philippines and Hong Kong; it also embarrassed the Philippines all over the world. Because of this, investigations of the said crime have been interrupted and delayed. 3. Typhoon Juan has greatly devastated the country, and even after months since it pummelled the Philippines, the Filipinos greatly affected still cannot cope and recover. 4. The terrorist threats in the country were not handled accordingly since the Filipinos, particularly the government itself, were not aware of the situation. . Kidnapping in the Philippines has been rampant for the past few years, and still, the government has not given any concrete explanation with regards to this. 6. The Aquino administration has not been able to present any significant development in the investigations of the said crimes and in its operations during calamities. Conclusions After the thorough analysis and interpretation of the subjec ts of the research and supporting them with the various facts and data gathered, the group has arrived at the following conclusions: 1. The Pacific Strategies and Assessments is a socio-economic organization that specializes in Asian risks. At the same time, it also assists its clients in making reliable business decisions in Asia. Most importantly, it prepares intelligence briefs regarding political and economic situations to its clients like the Philippines. The PSA aims to maximize the advantages and minimize the risks of doing business in places that are often plagued by political, economic and socio-cultural ills. 2. Numerous disasters and catastrophes have indeed wreaked havoc in the Philippines. These include man-made disasters such as the Maguindanao massacre, the Quirino Grandstand hostage-taking incident, the terrorist threats that made some countries exercise a high degree of caution in travelling to the Philippines, and the high and alarming rates of kidnapping cases in the different areas in the country. Natural disasters like the Typhoon â€Å"Juan† also inflicted vast damage in the country. These five disasters have been the bases of PSA in dubbing the Philippines as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia. † 3. At its rise, the present administration has not performed proficiently. The Aquino administration, in its first few months, has not presented any significant development on the current investigations of the Philippines’ most abhorrent crimes and improvement on its operations in times of disasters like natural catastrophes. Investigations of the Maguindanao massacre, the Quirino Grandstand hostage-taking incident and the different kidnapping occurrences have remained stagnant, while the government’s plan of action regarding the terrorist threats in the country and Typhoon Juan has not been sustained at all. 4. Because the Aquino administration has failed to fulfill its duties and responsibilities to the Filipino citizens in times of disasters and other catastrophes, and the effects of the lack of political will in the Philippines were experienced by many Filipinos, it is therefore righteous for PSA to label the country as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia. † 5. The group has agreed with PSA’s assessment on the Philippines under the Aquino government as the â€Å"Disaster Capital of Asia† since the country has been troubled by spiteful disasters and the administration has not been capable of alleviating the subsequent situations of these problems. Recommendations After an in-depth analysis of the data gathered, the following recommendations are hereby made: 1. Provide a more compelling argument of the reasons behind the PSA’s evaluation of the Philippines. In line with this, the group also recommends further research on the different disasters that have created a devastating mess in the country. 2. Look beyond the Aquino administration’s shortcomings, but also point out the weaknesses of the other people and other organizations involved in the different catastrophes that wrecked the Philippines. References Avendano, C. (August 30, 2010). DOJ chief the only spokesperson on hostage crisis probe – Palace. 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